ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseasescharacterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects ininsulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The cold pressor testin healthy subjects triggers a vascular sympathetic activationand an increase in blood pressure. Hence; the present studywas undertaken for assessing the Impact of Cold Stress onHeart Rate and Blood Pressure in Healthy Offspring with andwithout Parental History of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Materials & Methods: 200 participants were enrolled in thepresent study and were divided into two study groups with 100patients in each group as follows: Group A- 100 healthy andnon-diabetic patients without parental history of type 2 diabetesmellitus; and Group B- 100 healthy and non-diabetic patientswith atleast of one parent with history of type 2 diabetesmellitus. Instructions were given to all the participants forimmersing their hands in cold water till their wrist portion for atime period of two minutes (or until toleration; whichever isearlier). Special care was taken for ensuring that all theparticipants avoided any form of isometric contractions, breathholding or performance of Valsalva maneuver. Continuousmonitoring of heart rate (HR), Systolic blood pressure (SBP)and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) with the help of cardiacmonitor from the other arm at 60 seconds interval till timeperiod of two minutes.Results: While comparing the mean heart rate and bloodpressure in between the two study groups at different timeintervals, it was observed that heart rate and blood pressureafter CPT were significantly lower in study group patients(group B) in comparison to control group subjects (Group A).Conclusion: Heart rate and blood pressure show abruptchanges after CPT in subjects with atleast of one parent withhistory of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The Pulmonary function tests in subjects withnormal BMI and with obese individuals were done andcorrelated with the severity of obesity. Considering the PFTchanges, normal study was present in 17%. But, remainingindividuals showed proportionate decrease in both FEV1 andFVC values. These changes were independent of age, sex andblood pressure.Methods and Results: Selection of the Subjects Obeseindividuals of about 30 people with BMI >30 of both sexes ofage group between 30 -45 years were included in this study.The healthy volunteers, visitors or relatives of patients visitingS. P. Medical College Hospital, Bikaner Rajasthan were takenas subjects. So, the PFT changes are more of restrictive thanobstructive pattern which can leads to decreased chest walland lung compliance, respiratory muscle strength andendurance which ultimately ends in poor pulmonary ventilation.Hence, this non-invasive procedure may be utilized as aroutine screening test for obese people for better medical care.Conclusion: Thus, obesity is associated with a wide variety ofPFT abnormalities, many of which can be corrected by weightloss
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Diabetes is a universal endemic with fastincreasing prevalence in both developing and developedcountries. Obesity is an unnecessary accumulation of body fatand in its gross manifestation possesses a real hazard tohealth. It is well recognized that obesity is directly or indirectlyassociated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim was tocompare lipid profile in Type 2 diabetics with obesity and nondiabetic obese subject.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted inDepartment of Physiology, S.P. Medical College and Hospital,Bikaner, Rajasthan during the period from March 2015 toFebruary 2016. Weight was record in kilograms with thesubject standing on the weighing machine without shoes andmini-mum clothing.Results: Present study showed that the obese T2DM patientshad significantly higher serum triglycerides, LDL-C levels andserum VLDL-C levels; with significant lower HDL-C levels whencompared to obese non diabetic cases. Total cholesterol levelswere increased without significant ‘p’ value.Conclusion: We conclude that all the lipid fractions (exceptHDL-c) are strangely elevated in obese type 2 diabetics whencompared with obese controls.
ABSTRACT
Background: Antimicrobials are agents used to kill or inhibit growth of microorganisms. Now they are most commonly used as well as misused medicine too. Misuse of these agents lead to development of resistance which is now a global concern. Public awareness about antimicrobial resistance is a key factor in combating the situation which includes educating doctors and health care professionals. So the current study is undertaken to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) related to antibiotic resistance and usage and among the MBBS students and doctors.Methods: A pre-formed duly validated questionnaire was distributed among the study group and their KAP regarding antimicrobial usage and resistance was assessed by Likert scale whose responses ranges from strongly agree to strongly disagree and always to never. Some questions were of true/false type. One question was choosing the correct answer. In this study, questionnaires were distributed among 270 participants out of which 188 were MBBS students and 82 were doctors. After collection, data were entered in Microsoft excel and simple descriptive statistics were used to generate frequencies, percentage and proportions. Wherever possible the chi-square test or fisher exact test was done to find out any association. * p<0.05 was taken as significant.Results: Response rate was 100% among the study populations. Out of 270 study population, 91% (245) had the knowledge that indiscriminate use of antibiotics cause ineffective treatment with a considerable difference in knowledge between undergraduates and doctors (p<0.05). Also it causes bacterial resistance (96.3%). Around 89% of the total participants agreed that bacteria do not cause common cold and influenza.Conclusions: This study revealed that most of the study population, both undergraduates and doctors were well aware about the emerging problem of antimicrobial resistance. However, responses related to their practices were quite varied. Hence, further educational interventions are needed to improve their practices towards antibiotics use in both the study groups.